![]() Once in freshwater, the eggs become embryonated, allowing them to hatch as miracidia, which then find a suitable intermediate snail host of the Lymnaeidae family. These eggs are passed out via stools and into freshwater. The adult flukes can then produce up to 25,000 eggs per fluke per day. hepatica to mature from metacercariae into an adult fluke is roughly 3 to 4 months. Inside the bile ducts, they develop into an adult fluke. They then migrate through the intestines and liver, and into the bile ducts. From the duodenum, they burrow through the lining of the intestine and into the peritoneal cavity. Inside the duodenum of the mammalian host, the metacercariae are released from within their cysts. Humans can often acquire these infections through drinking contaminated water and eating freshwater plants such as watercress. The mammalian host then eats this vegetation and can become infected. The metacercariae are released from the freshwater snail as cercariae, and form cysts on various surfaces including aquatic vegetation. The list of lymnaeid snails that may serve as natural or experimental intermediate hosts of F. hepatica, but their role in transmission of the fluke is low. Several other lymnaeid snails may be naturally or experimentally infected with F. cubensis are most common intermediate hosts in Central and South America. neotropica, Pseudosuccinea columella, and L. Galba truncatula is the main snail host in Europe, partly in Asia, Africa, and South America. hepatica have been described, the parasite develops only in one or two major species on each continent. Although several lymnaeid species susceptible to F. hepatica are air-breathing freshwater snails from the family Lymnaeidae. hepatica goes through the intermediate host and several environmental larval stages. Wild ruminants and other mammals, including humans, can act as definitive hosts as well. Definitive hosts of the fluke are cattle, sheep, and buffaloes. įasciola hepatica occurs in the liver of a definitive host and its lifecycle is indirect. These two flukes are sister species they share many morphological features and can mate with each other. hepatica's closest relative is Fasciola gigantica. Because of its relatively large size and economic importance, it has been the subject of many scientific investigations and may be the best-known of any trematode species. hepatica, which is distributed worldwide, has been known as an important parasite of sheep and cattle for decades and causes significant economic losses in these livestock species, up to £23 million in the UK alone. Fasciolosis is currently classified as a plant/food-borne trematode infection, often acquired through eating the parasite's metacercariae encysted on plants. The disease caused by the fluke is called fasciolosis or fascioliasis, which is a type of helminthiasis and has been classified as a neglected tropical disease. It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans, and is transmitted by sheep and cattle to humans the world over. Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. ![]()
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